| Notes |
- He was a Patentee of the Town of Brookhaven, Long Island, NY.
-- MERGED NOTE ------------
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH VII.
NATHANIEL WOODHULL, (General), fourth generation from Richard Wodhull I., Patentec of Brookhaven, Long Island, was the eldest son of Nathaniel Wodhull and Sarah Smith. He was born at St. George's Manor, Mastic, Long Island, December 30, 1722.
His early life was spent in assisting his father to cultivate the possessions he had inherited.
His first public employment was in a military capacity in the war between Great Britain and France 1754-1760.
He was appointed Major in the Provincial forces of New York, and served as such in the army under General Abercrombie, intended for the reduction of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and distinguished himself by his daring and bravery in the assault on Ticonderoga.
"Major Nathaniel Woodhull, of Suffolk, and Major Richard Hewlett, of Queens, with six hundred and sixty-eight men under Captain Bradstreet captured Fort Frontenac, June, 1758."
In the year 1760 he served as Colonel of the Third Regiment, New York Provincials, under General Jeffrey Amherst, which marched against Montreal and effected the final reduction of Canada.
The original journal kept by Colonel Woodhull, written during the memorable expeditions against Montreal, is in the possession of one of his descendants at Mastic, Long Island. It was published in Boston in the year 1760, under the title of "All Canada in the Hands of the English."
(For brief extracts of which, see Genealogical Appendix, Note I.)
Colonel Woodhull was a representative from Suffolk County, New York, in the Colonial Assembly in 1769, and "for the six consecutive years which preceded the Revolution, one of the ablest opponents of the colonial government. In connection with George Clinton and General Schuyler, General Woodhull assisted to bring about the crisis which inaugurated the Revolution in this Colony."
He was appointed by the Provincial Congress August 22, 1775, Brigadier-General of the Militia of Suffolk and Queens Counties, Long Island.
On the 28th of August, 1775--General Woodhull was elected President of the Provincial Congress of New York, in which body sat Jay, Livingston, Benson and Schuyler, and he also held the same office in the Congress that succeeded July 9th, 1776, under the new form of government.
On August 25th, 1776, he was appointed to the command of the Militia at Jamaica.
Owing to what has been defined as the "unskilful generalship of the Provincial Congress," there followed, "the catastrophe of a divided command." It has been well said, "the nature of the service in which General Woodhull was employed and the force placed under him were alike unworthy of his command. He had more military
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experience than most of the officers of the Revolutionary Army, and no one in this State promised to make a better general officer."
In preparing to carry out the orders of Congress, it is evident that he knew himself and his men to be in a perilous strait.
He wrote, "I am now at Jamaica, with less than one hundred men. I will continue here as long as I can, in hopes of a re-inforcement."
(See "Letter to Provincial Congress," Genealogical Appendix, Note V.)
It was General Washington's hope to re-inforce Woodhull by a detachment of a thousand men from Connecticut under Trumbull.
(See "Washington's letter to Congress," Genealogical Appendix, Note W.)
It has been said of him, "he adopted the course which his own delicate sense of honor dictated," and, "it was only after his assurance that aid could not possibly reach him that he abandoned his post of duty."
Seemingly unconscious of any personal danger, General Woodhull returned to his headquarters at the Inn of Increase Carpenter, where it is said, "he tied his horse to the rail-fence, entered the old Dutch farm-house, and had just seated himself, when the dragoons of Delancey's 17th British Regiment rode up to the Inn door.
"The General suddenly aroused by the sound of horses' hoofs, (which he seems not to have heard until they were at the door, owing to the noise of the elements, a fierce thunder storm having arisen) sprang to a side door, and was out of the house in an instant. He was about to clear the rail-fence to reach his horse, when some of the dismounted dragoons intercepted and captured him."
To quote once again, "The scene of sickening murder which followed is scarcely paralleled in history since civilization forbade the slaughter of prisoners as the privilege of a conqueror.
"The wretched and cowardly officer, who first reached the General has had the rare good fortune to have a strange obscurity thrown over his identity. The ruffian, whoever he was, approached the General with the exclamation, 'Surrender you damned rebel!' upon which Woodhull at once tendered him his sword.
"This, however, was not enough, for with uplifted sword, the British officer advanced furiously exclaiming, 'Say, God save the King.'
"In accents of dignity and courage, General Woodhull replied, 'God save us all.' 'Say, God save the King,' shouted the brutal officer. Whereupon he aimed the swift blows of his sabre at the defenceless head of the General."
It is said on good authority that the wounds received by Woodhull were ten in number, seven deep gashes on his arm, nearly severing it in two places from his body, and three wounds on his head.
In this pitiful condition, he was mounted behind one of the
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British troopers, and hurried to Jamaica, the men fearing an interception from Woodhull's force.
Arriving at the village, one account declares that a British surgeon dressed the General's wounds "with much kindness and skill," while other accounts declare that he was fearfully neglected, both then and later.
As a prisoner of war he with others, was then removed to the New Utrecht Church, "which was unceremoniously used as a prison" by the British. Again he was removed, this time to the wretched quarters of a prison-ship, where witnesses declared he was left in a pitiable condition dying from neglect and lack of care.
Colonel Troop, later a personal friend and associate of Hamilton and Jay, testified to the horrors of the prison-ship and the indignities showered upon the dying General. Not until they knew his life was fast ebbing away, did the inhuman officers of the ship permit his removal to the De Sille house, adjacent to the New Utrecht Church.
Here he was permitted the blessings of his wife's gentle ministrations, and the care which earlier permitted, might have saved his life.
"With his dying breath he greeted his beloved wife (Ruth, danghter of the Hon. Nicoll Floyd, and sister of General William Floyd, one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence), and then calmly directed that the needs of the American prisoners, then in an almost starving condition, should be supplied by his wife with money and provisions.
"With these words of noble self-forgetfulness upon his lips, the spirit of Nathaniel Woodhull took its flight."
It is said that one of the battalions that was employed in the inglorious warfare against an unresisting individual was commanded by Major Crewe, a distant kinsman of General Woodhull, and that when he came to be apprised of the circumstances of the case, he was so disgusted that he either resigned his commission and quit the service, or obtained permission to leave the army and returned to England.
As it has been questioned whether or not there was a British officer of the name of Crewe serving in the Revolutionary War, see "British Officers Serving in the American Revolution" 1774-1783. Compiled by Worthington Chauncey Ford, published 1897, for the following:
"Richard Crewe, Captain of 17th Dragoons, July 11, 1769. Major of 17th Dragoons, February 25, 1776."
Field says of the subject of this sketch: "The high station which he had held in the councils of the revolutionists, the grand moderation of his character, combined with the firmness, patriotism and selfdevotion for which he was remarkable, would under any circumstances have given him an honorable reputation. But when the acts of his pure life were crowned with the final sacrifice of martyrdom, General Woodhull's name was enrolled among his country's noblest heroes."
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Another declares, "The capture of General Woodhull was one of the most calamitous events of the Revolution.
"It deprived the country of the talents, the experience, and counsels of one of the ablest and most patriotic of her citizens.
"His death spread a gloom over Long Island, and his memory will be cherished among their fondest recollections."
And still another says, "The most tragical event of the Battle of Long Island, was far away in Jamaica Village. The life of Woodhull, always brave and manly and efficient, was the most precious sacrifice Long Island could offer on the altar of our liberties."
A Middlesex (London) Journal of 1776 says, "We were greatly shocked at the massacre made by the Highlanders after victory was declared."
In 1823 a poem appeared in the London Mirror, on the subject of General Woodhull's death, which although in parts, historically incorrect, will be of interest to those who bear his name.
(See Genealogical Appendix, Note Pp.)
In 1849 a tragedy was written by Mr. Lester upon his death, also the following ballad written by Epes Sargent, was published in the New York National Advocate, February 28, 1821.
WOODHULL.
'Twas when Long Island's heights beheld the King's invading hordc,
That, by outnumbered foes compelled, our chief gave up his sword.
Then spoke the victor: "Now from me no mercy shall you wring, Unless, base rebel, on your knee, you cry, 'God save the King.'"
With reverent, but undaunted, tone then Woodhull made reply:
"No King I own, save one alone, the Lord of earth and sky,
But far from me the wish that ill your monarch should befall;
So freely, and with right good-will, I'll say: 'God save us all.'"
Shouted the foeman: "Paltering slave, repeat, without delay,
'God save the King,' nor longer brave the fury that can slay."
But Woodhull said: "Unarmed I hear; yet threats cannot appal
Ne'er pass these lips the breath of fear, and so--God save us all."
"Then rebel rue thy stubborn will," the ruffian victor cried;
"This weapon shall my threat fulfil; so perish in thy pride."
Rapid as thought the murderous blow fell on the prisoner's head;
With warrior rage he scanned his foe, then staggering, sank and bled,
But anger vanished with his fall; his heart the wrong forgave;
Dying, he sighed, "God save you all, and me, a sinner, save."
The inscription on his tombstone is as follows:--
In Memory of
GEN'L NATHANIEL WOODHULL
Who, wounded and a prisoner. Died on the 20th, of September 1776.
In the 54th, year of his age.
Regretted by all who knew how to value his many private virtues, and that pure zeal, for the rights of his country, to which he perished a victim.
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In 1784 General Woodhull's old home-stead at Mastic was destroyed by fire, the only things saved being his swords and regimentals, his military chest, personal correspondence, a silver tankard, a Family and Farm Journal, the Journal of his Military Campaign, and his Commission as Colonel.
The De Sille house where the wounded General died, has disappeared since 1850, at which time it was nearly two hundred years old.
His widow, and only daughter Elizabeth, survived the General, the latter becoming the wife of Henry Nicoll, Esq.
(See Genealogy, No. 22.)
Their descendants occupy the home-stead built soon after the conflagration, upon the site of the original one.
THE WOODHULL MEMORIAL.
At a meeting held in January, 1904, at the earnest suggestion of Mr. William Nagle, of Hollis, Long Island, a committee was formed consisting of Messrs. F. W. Dunton, John A. Loope and William Nagle to erect a monument to the memory of General Nathaniel Woodhull on the Public School lawn.
On May 30, 1904, the people of Hollis, together with many outsiders, assembled for the purpose of dedicating the monument, the dedication exercises being preceded by a parade of the school children and local organizations.
At the conclusion of the parade the column came to a halt beside the monument--a thirty pound Parrott gun presented by the United States Government, mounted on a granite block bearing the name "Woodhull" together with a suitable inscription.
The dedicatory exercises were opened with an invocation by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Burgess of the Diocese of Long Island, who was followed by Frederick W. Dunton, the founder of Hollis, who gave a brief review of the twenty years' history of the town.
At the conclusion of Mr. Dunton's address, the school children and those assembled sang a song to the tune of "My Maryland," written in honor of the memory of General Woodhull, after which Mr. George A. Nagle, on behalf of the people of Hollis, made the presentation of the monument in a stirring forceful speech.
This was responded to by Archdeacon Henry B. Bryan, on behalf of the American nation, who spoke in an entertaining and pleasing manner.
The oration of the day followed, and was delivered by Ex-Congressman James W. Covert, who reviewed the career of General Woodhull, paying a warm tribute to his patriotism and valor.
During the memorial exercises, John A. Loope introduced Mr. Jesse Calvin Woodhull, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who in a few well chosen words presented to the Hollis Public School, a handsome picture of the old De Sille House at New Utrecht, where General Woodhull died from his wounds.
The exercises were closed by the singing of "America."
Descendants of Foulk Wodhull
In early colonial history the name of Odell, as well as Wodhull frequently appears. After a close study of the subject there seems little doubt but that the Wodhulls and Odells can claim the same line of descent from Walter Flanderensis the first Baron de Wahull. Richard Wodhull I., is frequently mentioned in Public Records as Richard Odell, but signatures to deeds and other papers seem invariably to have been written Richard Wodhull. The records of Richard Odell of Southampton, Long Island, are not to be confused with those of Richard Wodhull of Brookhaven or Setauket, Long Island. The Odell and Wodhull families in America are entirely separate and distinct, although either might have reason to be proud to claim kinship with the other.
The date of Richard Wodhull's marriage, and his wife Deborah's surname are uncertain. The tombstones of Richard Wodhull I., and Richard Wodhull II., with those of their wives, were ruthlessly destroyed during the Revolutionary War. The original Family Bible is also missing, the oldest obtainable, being that of Richard IV., who was born in the year 1712.
It is strongly believed by some that Richard Wodhull I., married Deborah Crewe. According to Dr. Samuel Johnson, first President King's College, in a letter to his son in the year 1757, Richard Wodhull II., was "cousin german by his mother, to Lord Crewe, father of the Bishop of Durham, whose niece was mother to the present Earl of Walgrave or Waldgrave."
This seems for several reasons highly possible, but so far, it has been impossible to secure access to the private pedigrees of the Crewe family. The Crewe motto "Sequor nec Inferior" was adopted by the Woodhull family and, as will be seen further on, the families of Crewe and Wodhull were intimately associated as friends and kinsmen. (See Beardsley's "Life and Letters of Dr. Samuel Johnson, First President of King's College.")
The exact date of Richard Wodhull's arrival in this country is uncertain, but it was prior to April 29th, 1648, as on that date he witnessed a deed at Easthampton, Long Island. (See Thompson's "History of Long Island," Vol. I., p. 294.)
The name of Richard Wodhull appears among the early settlers of the town of Jamaica, but he is said to have had a distaste for the policy of the Dutch Government, and hence removed to another part of the Island. He finally settled permanently at Setauket Harbor, then called Cromwell Bay, or Ashford, in the year 1656.
Mr. Richard Lawrence Woodhull had in his possession a Patent from Sir Edmund Andros, Colonial Governor of the Province of New York, the date of which is September 29, 1677, but in the Town Records.
NATHANIEL WOODHULL, (General), fourth generation from Richard Wodhull I., Patentec of Brookhaven, Long Island, was the eldest son of Nathaniel Wodhull and Sarah Smith. He was born at St. George's Manor, Mastic, Long Island, December 30, 1722. His early life was spent in assisting his father to cultivate the possessions he had inherited. His first public employment was in a military capacity in the war between Great Britain and France 1754-1760. He was appointed Major in the Provincial forces of New York, and served as such in the army under General Abercrombie, intended for the reduction of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and distinguished himself by his daring and bravery in the assault on Ticonderoga.
"Major Nathaniel Woodhull, of Suffolk, and Major Richard Hewlett, of Queens, with six hundred and sixty-eight men under Captain Bradstreet captured Fort Frontenac, June, 1758." In the year 1760 he served as Colonel of the Third Regiment, New York Provincials, under General Jeffrey Amherst, which marched against Montreal and effected the final reduction of Canada.
The original journal kept by Colonel Woodhull, written during the memorable expeditions against Montreal, is in the possession of one of his descendants at Mastic, Long Island. It was published in Boston in the year 1760, under the title of "All Canada in the Hands of the English." Colonel Woodhull was a representative from Suffolk County, New York, in the Colonial Assembly in 1769, and "for the six consecutive years which preceded the Revolution, one of the ablest opponents of the colonial government. In connection with George Clinton and General Schuyler, General Woodhull assisted to bring about the crisis which inaugurated the Revolution in this Colony."
He was appointed by the Provincial Congress August 22, 1775, Brigadier-General of the Militia of Suffolk and Queens Counties, Long Island. On the 28th of August, 1775--General Woodhull was elected President of the Provincial Congress of New York, in which body sat Jay, Livingston, Benson and Schuyler, and he also held the same office in the Congress that succeeded July 9th, 1776, under the new form of government.
On August 25th, 1776, he was appointed to the command of the Militia at Jamaica. Owing to what has been defined as the "unskilful generalship of the Provincial Congress," there followed, "the catastrophe of a divided command." It has been well said, "the nature of the service in which General Woodhull was employed and the force placed under him were alike unworthy of his command. He had more military experience than most of the officers of the Revolutionary Army, and no one in this State promised to make a better general officer."
In preparing to carry out the orders of Congress, it is evident that he knew himself and his men to be in a perilous strait. He wrote, "I am now at Jamaica, with less than one hundred men. I will continue here as long as I can, in hopes of a re-inforcement." Seemingly unconscious of any personal danger, General Woodhull returned to his headquarters at the Inn of Increase Carpenter, where it is said, "he tied his horse to the rail-fence, entered the old Dutch farm-house, and had just seated himself, when the dragoons of Delancey's 17th British Regiment rode up to the Inn door.
"The General suddenly aroused by the sound of horses' hoofs, (which he seems not to have heard until they were at the door, owing to the noise of the elements, a fierce thunder storm having arisen) sprang to a side door, and was out of the house in an instant. He was about to clear the rail-fence to reach his horse, when some of the dismounted dragoons intercepted and captured him." To quote once again, "The scene of sickening murder which followed is scarcely paralleled in history since civilization forbade the slaughter of prisoners as the privilege of a conqueror.
"The wretched and cowardly officer, who first reached the General has had the rare good fortune to have a strange obscurity thrown over his identity. The ruffian, whoever he was, approached the General with the exclamation, 'Surrender you damned rebel!' upon which Woodhull at once tendered him his sword.
"This, however, was not enough, for with uplifted sword, the British officer advanced furiously exclaiming, 'Say, God save the King.' "In accents of dignity and courage, General Woodhull replied, 'God save us all.' 'Say, God save the King,' shouted the brutal officer. Whereupon he aimed the swift blows of his sabre at the defenceless head of the General."
It is said on good authority that the wounds received by Woodhull were ten in number, seven deep gashes on his arm, nearly severing it in two places from his body, and three wounds on his head. In this pitiful condition, he was mounted behind one of the British troopers, and hurried to Jamaica, the men fearing an interception from Woodhull's force. Arriving at the village, one account declares that a British surgeon dressed the General's wounds "with much kindness and skill," while other accounts declare that he was fearfully neglected, both then and later.
As a prisoner of war he with others, was then removed to the New Utrecht Church, "which was unceremoniously used as a prison" by the British. Again he was removed, this time to the wretched quarters of a prison-ship, where witnesses declared he was left in a pitiable condition dying from neglect and lack of care. Colonel Troop, later a personal friend and associate of Hamilton and Jay, testified to the horrors of the prison-ship and the indignities showered upon the dying General. Not until they knew his life was fast ebbing away, did the inhuman officers of the ship permit his removal to the De Sille house, adjacent to the New Utrecht Church. Here he was permitted the blessings of his wife's gentle ministrations, and the care which earlier permitted, might have saved his life.
"With his dying breath he greeted his beloved wife (Ruth, danghter of the Hon. Nicoll Floyd, and sister of General William Floyd, one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence), and then calmly directed that the needs of the American prisoners, then in an almost starving condition, should be supplied by his wife with money and provisions. "With these words of noble self-forgetfulness upon his lips, the spirit of Nathaniel Woodhull took its flight."
It is said that one of the battalions that was employed in the inglorious warfare against an unresisting individual was commanded by Major Crewe, a distant kinsman of General Woodhull, and that when he came to be apprised of the circumstances of the case, he was so disgusted that he either resigned his commission and quit the service, or obtained permission to leave the army and returned to England.
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1722 - 1776 (53 years)
[3, 4] 